| The expansion of aquaculture has intensified bacterial disease outbreaks, compromising fish health, productivity, and economic returns. Conventional antibiotics face challenges including low bioavailability, rapid environmental loss, and the emergence of antimicrobial resistance due to uncontrolled dosing. Nano-encapsulation strategies, which deliver antibiotics via nanoscale carriers, enable controlled and sustained release, improved pharmacokinetics, and targeted action with reduced environmental impact. This review evaluates nanocarrier types, drug release mechanisms, comparative performance, and experimental approaches for antibiotic delivery in aquaculture. Emerging evidence suggests that nanoscale delivery can enhance therapeutic efficacy, limit resistance development, and support sustainable aquaculture, while considerations of toxicity, regulatory compliance, and commercialization remain critical.
Keywords: Nanoparticles, Antibiotic Delivery, Aquaculture, Controlled Release, Therapeutic Efficacy, Nanocarriers
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