| Air pollution refers to the mixing of undesirable substances in the air, which alters the concentration of oxygen, either through anthropogenic activities or natural processes. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines air pollution as the presence of harmful materials in the air in concentrations that pose risks to human health and the environment. Globally, air pollution claims over 5.5 million lives every year, making it a critical public health concern that warrants attention and action. The present study explores the causes and consequences of the high and hazardous Air Quality Index (AQI) levels observed in Motihari during the winter season of year 2022-2023 (during winter months). Motihari, the headquarters of East Champaran district in Bihar, India, and is one of the fastest-developing towns in North Bihar but is currently facing suboptimal air quality. The AQI is a daily measurement system that evaluates air cleanliness and the associated health risks of polluted air. It focuses on five key pollutants: Particulate Matter (PM2.5 and PM10), ground-level ozone or O3, carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). The AQI scale ranges from 0 to 500, with higher values indicating more severe pollution and increased health risks. During the study period (winter season of 2022-2023), Motihari frequently ranked as one of the most polluted areas in the country, with AQI readings of 419 on November 12, 2022, 448 on November 17, 2022, 421 on November 20, 2022, 423 on November 21, 2022 and so on. This study highlights the need for urgent policy interventions; strict implication of law including emission control measures etc. for maintaining good AQI.
Keywords: Motihari, AQI, air pollution, PM2.5, PM10, asthma, carcinogenic, volatile organic compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, public health.
|